Mulki, 64, who has held a string of senior diplomatic and ministerial posts, was first appointed in May to oversee parliamentary elections held last week.
The business-friendly politician was reappointed on Sunday, tasked with reviving a sluggish economy and business sentiment hit by regional turmoil by overseeing a new International Monetary Fund-guided program.
In Jordan's constitutional monarchy most powers rest with the king, who appoints governments, approves legislation and can dissolve parliament.
The key finance, foreign and finance ministerial posts will remain unchanged and the 29-member cabinet will, as before, have a mix of technocrats, conservative politicians and tribal loyalists.
Mulki will face a more assertive parliament, after the Muslim Brotherhood gained a foothold in the election.
A royal decree postponed the new parliament's first session until November 7, almost a month later than expected, in a move politicians said was intended to give the new government more time to prepare for vote-of-confidence debates.
The government usually wins such votes by a large majority in parliaments packed with pro-government deputies. But this time there could be vocal dissent from independents and the Islamist movement, which has ended its decade-long boycott of mainstream politics and returns as the mainstay of a broad civic alliance.
