Viet Nam is currently benefiting from a demographic dividend, with nearly 70 million people of working age. However, declining fertility, rapid population ageing and a persistent imbalance in the sex ratio at birth are creating an urgent need for more effective population and development policies, officials said at a ceremony marking World Population Day 2026 on July 10.

Following the passage of the Law on Population by the 15th National Assembly at its 10th session, the legislation has fully institutionalised the Party’s guidelines and policies on population work in the new context. The Law sets out both principle-based provisions and detailed regulations to ensure feasibility in implementing population policies. Therefore, the issuance of guiding decrees is considered a crucial step to bring the Law into effect.

In 2025, the population and employment situation of Viet Nam continued to maintain a stable state. Fundamentally, the characteristics observed during the 2020–2024 period did not undergo major changes in 2025.

Under Resolution No. 262/2025/QH15 approving the investment policy for the National Target Programme on health care, population and development for the 2026–2035 period, the National Assembly (NA) has decided to allocate a total of 88.63 trillion VND (3.37 billion USD) for implementation in the 2026–2030 period.

In his closing remarks, NA Chairman Tran Thanh Man highlighted that this session dealt with a huge workload and issues which are both urgent and long-term, strategic. Some issues are new, requiring coordination between agencies for the settlement.