Public debt, the technology market bubble, and protectionism are casting a shadow over the agenda of the annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB), which are currently taking place in Washington, the US.

The Public Debt Management Performance Assessment (DeMPA) includes 15 indicators grouped into key debt management functions, such as governance, strategy development, borrowing activities, cash flow forecasting, and risk management. The performance is rated on a scale from A (best practices) to D (requirements not met), with C indicating minimum standards.